It Took a While, but the Midget Raisin is No More

Responding to a petition first filed by the Little People of America in May 2103, the U.S. Department of Agriculture has agreed to remove â€Å"midget† from its list of size classifications for raisins.   In a new federal regulation proposed by the USDA’s Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) on August 13, the USDA would eliminate all five occurrences of the word â€Å"midget† from the â€Å"U.S. Standards for Grades of Processed Raisins.† The USDA had used â€Å"midget† to describe the smallest size of commercially processed raisins since WWII. ‘Small,’ Not ‘Midget’ â€Å"The action would clarify AMS grade standards by eliminating the use of the term ‘midget,’ while consistently using the term ‘small’ for raisins graded in that category,† states the USDA’s proposed rule. â€Å"The industry has used the two grade terms interchangeably for years. The proposed grade standards would be applied uniformly by all handlers.† The USDA acknowledged that the change was being made in response to the petition from the Little People of America (LPA), a non-profit advocacy group providing support and information to persons with a medical diagnosis of dwarfism or other form of short stature between 2’-8† and 4’-8† tall and their families. â€Å"On May 13, 2013, AMS received a petition from the Little People of America stating that they ‘are trying to raise awareness around and eliminate the use of the word midget,’† the USDA said. According to the USDA, the petition also stated that, â€Å"Though the use of the word midget by the USDA when classifying certain food products is benign, Little People of America, and the dwarfism community, hopes that the USDA would consider phasing out the term midget.† The Problem with ‘Midget’ The LPA considers the word â€Å"midget† to be â€Å"an antiquated slang term often used as slur toward shorter than average persons, specifically, â€Å"a person with a diagnosable skeletal dysplasia or medical condition,† according to the group’s Web site. In 2014, the LPA criticized Marvin Lewis, head coach of pro football’s Cincinnati Bengals for referring to Cleveland Browns quarterback Johnny Manziel as a â€Å"midget.† Manziel, while considered by some in the sport to be â€Å"short† for a pro football quarterback, is 6’-0† tall. â€Å"LPA has been actively working to get the word taken out of societys vernacular, where it is often used carelessly and without regard to who else it may affect,† states the LPA. Dwarfism is a recognized condition under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). In 2011, Startbucks Coffee agreed to pay $75,000 to settle an ADA-based disability discrimination lawsuit brought by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) charging that the coffee retailing giant had unlawfully denied a reasonable accommodation to a barista with dwarfism at one of its El Paso stores and subsequently fired her because of her disability. How Tall is a Midget Raisin? Under USDA standards adopted in 1978, midget – now to be called â€Å"small† raisins -- are â€Å"95 percent, by weight, of all the raisins will pass through round perforations 24/64-inch in diameter, and not less than 70 percent, by weight, of all raisins will pass through round perforations 22/64-inch in diameter.† Size standards for commercially-processed raisins are set by the USDA’s Raisin Administrative Committee, which had already â€Å"approved the removal of the term midget from the standards† in 2014. When Will You Notice the Change? While you might already see â€Å"small† replacing â€Å"midget† on raisin packaging and advertising, the change will not become official for while. As required by law, the USDA must continue to accept public comments on the new regulation until October 20. At least a month later, the new regulation will be published in the Federal Register, making the change from â€Å"midget† to â€Å"small† official. Justice or ‘Political Correctness?’ Interestingly, the only two comments submitted on the rule change so far have come from people opposed to the growing demand for â€Å"political correctness.† â€Å"This is akin to killing fleas with a cannon,† wrote on commenter. â€Å"Certainly, there is a better use for workers at the USDA than to be checking under every rock for an offended person.† â€Å"Its a shame political correctness has come to censoring the federal government!† stated the other comment. â€Å"Eliminating 5 ‘midget’ mentions in the guidelines at expense of millions more ‘midget’ mentions on the interwebs is ridiculous!†

Research Of Selected Mythic Elements - 1553 Words

Research of Selected Mythic Elements Due to the prevalence of Buddhism throughout this piece of work it is fundamental to understand what exactly this belief system contributes to the overarching narrative as the meta-theme is weaved throughout the whole. In particular two avenues of thought require further exploration, the Buddhist doctrines of reincarnation and karma. It is important not only to see how these two doctrines function independently of each other, to understand them on their own terms, it is also beneficial to understand how they are interconnected. In the Buddhist mentality, reincarnation cannot exist apart from the existence of karma. Certainly the overwhelming number of adherents to this religion gives cause for this myth system to be considered in depth. It would be advantageous to briefly explain the connection between reincarnation and karma before examining either on their own. Reincarnation is the process of rebirth that every living thing, including sentient beings, experiences after death which brings about a new life with a potential to be born into one of the six realms (Prebish Buddhism: The EBook: An Online Introduction 31). Karma, therefore, is the cosmic currency that determines which realm of rebirth the new life can begin, which is accumulated through each previous life (Prebish 39). To understand the significance of Karma, an exploration of the transaction of reincarnation is essential. Reincarnation is inevitable, according to BuddhistShow MoreRelatedHistory And Training Guidelines : Record Making And The Historic Environment1250 Words   |  5 Pagesoverlapping and mutual activities. A thorough analysis and interpretation of historical elements of the buildings will help understand the process of decay and development to its context. An uninformed resource cannot be effectively managed. 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Ben Bernanke and Sub-prime Free Essays

Considering Ben Bernanke’s statements and economic forecast one year later, the downside has occurred. He mentioned the effect of consumer confidence and attitude about the possibility of inflation. Since that forecast was made attitudes across the board have shown no confidence in an economic upturn, or at least a belief that the economy is less than stable. We will write a custom essay sample on Ben Bernanke and Sub-prime or any similar topic only for you Order Now The federal government has responded with the Economic Stimulus Package designed to increase consumer and business spending. The Stimulus Package will put actual dollars into the hands of consumers hoping to cause a real increase in consumer spending. Bernanke stated that business capital expenditures should at least remain stable. However, an extra push was given in the form of additional tax writeoffs for large capital expenditures. In other words both consumer and business spending were leveling off or decreasing and needed a boost. Gas prices have remained unstable, rising and falling by nearly $1 per gallon in many areas. This constant fluctuation makes it difficult to assess the long term affect of gas prices on the economy. However, gas price fluctuations may not be as large of a downside as some other issues in the economy. Consumers can shop long distance without using any gasoline. With the internet people can shop online eliminating to drive across town for a day of shopping. Employment and trade deficits continue to be of concern to economists, however these issues have been overshadowed by continuing developments and downturns in the housing and mortgage industries. The Downside At the time of the 2007 economic forecast, the housing market had already entered a slump. Bernanke stated that the subprime effect may be contained. However, that has not been the case. The subprime debacle has remained in the headlines under many terms including: the housing crisis, the subprime mortgage mess, the foreclosure crisis, and the credit crisis. The housing crisis began after the price and sales boom in 2005. As housing prices began a rapid decline over one year, it became evident that the problem was due in part (if not in full) to the recent developments in the subprime mortgage market. Many subprime mortgages had adjustable rates which were unaffordable when the rate adjustment increased those monthly mortgage payments. This was compounded by the fact that housing prices had begun a rapid decline. There was no way for homeowners to get out of those rising payments either by selling or refinancing. Homes no longer had the equity or value that they were expected to have. The Spillover and Its Affect The first spillover from the housing price decline was directly to the subprime mortgage market. Two years after the housing market meltdown, it has been discovered that the entire subprime market was the result of the collective genius of Wall Street investment firms. Subprime mortgages had become a complex range of securities including bonds, hedge funds, mortgage-backed securities, collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) and other such terms that we now hear everyday on the news. Many have found that their personal investments – pensions, IRAs, as well as bank and corporate investments were heavily invested in subprime mortgages at least indirectly. What has resulted is a breakdown of the financial markets, both in the United States and internationally. Daily news reports show that international investors and banks have been exposed to or involved in the U. S. subprime markets. Credit ratings on many investments have been lowered to the point of declaring some bank securities worthless. When banks have no collateral to borrow against, they have no funds to lend to their banking customers, even the ones with good credit. When investment houses get lower credit ratings, the value of a shareholder’s’s investments becomes worthless as well. As a result, the U. S. dollar has lost footing against foreign currencies. This caused the government and the Federal Reserve to step in and literally change the way they put money into the economy. Until very recently, the Federal Reserve, the U. S. Central Bank, did not lend money to Wall Street investment firms. Realizing that the developments in the subprime market and the widespread use of subprime mortgages as investment vehicles, the Federal Reserve has come to understand that the subprime mortgage industry is at the very heart of our economy. Changing key interest rates several times did not help, so the Fed had to put money into the area that is most likely to bring the economy into a recession. In other words, there has been a change in the banking and financial systems. Lending and borrowing fuel buying and selling, and saving and spending in the economy. Commercial deposit banks are no longer the primary source of capital to businesses and consumers, but investment banks are. To support this new source of business the Federal Reserve has begun lending to investment houses by the same means that it lends to banks – through short term loans. Investment houses have also began offering smaller consumer based deposit and credit products such as money market deposit accounts and credit cards available at many major investment brokerages. Analysis and Conclusion The reason for the subprime spillover into other segments of the economy is because the economy and the way it operates is shifting. The U. S. economy, and the international economy may no longer be bank based. As governments begin to privatize certain operations, the way these organizations seek funding or capital becomes a private matter. For example, when the Unites States government chartered private companies Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to essentially operate the mortgage market, Fannie and Freddie raised capital on the U. S. financial markets as opposed to borrowing through banks. Right now the U. S. is at the downside of a bank based economy. What the upside will be is the complete shift to an investment based economy. As the Federal Reserve continues to support the investment houses, those will become our deposit institutions of the future. Once that shift is complete, the economy will stabilize and grow, even though it will be completely different. How to cite Ben Bernanke and Sub-prime, Papers

Status of Women in Colonial America free essay sample

This paper examines the low political economic and social status of the colonial woman. This paper examines the role of women in the colonial period of the United States and finds that although the colonial female led a comparatively better life than her English sisters she went virtually uneducated, possessed limited legal status, and was politically nonexistent. Under English common law, married women were unable to contract or sue in tort unless they had their husbands? permission. English women had no contractual capacity because they had no proprietary capacity. Common law also dictated that a husbands interest in the personal and real property of his wife was absolute and he had an unlimited right over her possessions and chattels.[1] He also had an almost absolute authority over his wifes person. By law, a husband, as master over his wife, was permitted to restrain her in case of misbehavior, as well as chastise her in the ways he saw fit to correct her wrongdoing. We will write a custom essay sample on Status of Women in Colonial America or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page [2]

Aviation Strategy

Executive Summary The Boeing and Airbus Companies are the world’s largest manufacturers of commercial and military jetliners. The companies date back to 1916 and 1969 respectively. Boeing being in operations for a long time had experienced a long period of monopoly in the manufacture of large commercial jetliners. To deal with this monopoly, Airbus came up with a plan to introduce one of the largest airplanes, Airbus A380 in the world.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Aviation Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The introduction of this airplane came at a time when Boeing introduced Boeing 787. The companies in their attempts to outdo each other used different strategies of flight with Boeing adopting point-to-point strategy while Airbus adopted hub-to-hub strategy. The disparities in strategies made Boeing Company more successful than Airbus Company due to efficiency and reliability of its s trategy and the size of Boeing 787 that would be accommodated in most of the airports. To react to this, Airbus introduced Airbus A350 model that had a medium size almost equal to that of Boeing 787 with the aim of helping the company to adopt the point-to-point strategy as subsidiary of hub-to-hub. Boeing then reacted to Airbus move by introducing Boeing 787-8 model. The paper seeks account for the difference in the visions, analyse competition between the two companies, give an analysis of the current situation, and forecast the future trends of the two companies. Introduction The Boeing Company was founded by William Boeing in 1916 in Seattle, Washington. It is an American Multinational aerospace dealing with manufacture of commercial jetliners as well as military aircraft (Yenne 2005). To date the company is ranked one of the World’s leading aerospace and the largest jetliner and military aircraft manufacturer. The company designs and manufactures electronic, rotorcraft, defence systems, launch vehicles, satellites, missiles, advanced information, and communication systems (Yenne, 2005). The company being a service provider to NASA operates international space and space shuttle stations. In addition, the company provides numerous commercial and military airline support services (Yenne 2005). The company has a market of its products and support services in 150 countries all over the world. The company being a leader in aerospace and innovation aims at meeting the emerging customer needs in products and support services. This is done through gathering information about the customers’ tastes and preferences according to their current needs as well as market demand.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company range of capability includes creation of new products, integration of military platforms, creation of more efficient membe rs of their commercial airline family, integration of war fighter and defence systems through the use of centric- network operations and creation of advanced technology solutions aimed at reaching all the business units (Yenne 2005). The company employs approximately 165,000 people in US and over 70 other countries who are motivated for high productivity in their duties. The company has an amazing culture that mirrors the heritage of aviation through aspiration, imagination, and innovation. The company holds to its vision statement of â€Å"people working together as a global enterprise for aerospace leadership† (Boeing Website). To achieve the vision, the company aims at running healthy core business, opening of new frontiers and transformation of the company strengths into new products and services. The company further achieves its vision through a detailed research on customer knowledge that gives a basis to understanding, anticipation and response to the customer needs. T he company also has co-values that act as guidelines in helping the company to become what it would like to be. These co-values include leadership, integrity, quality, customer satisfaction, people working together, good corporate citizenship, enhancing shareholders value and a diverse and involved team (Yenne 2005). The company follows the values, which make it meet its goals or objectives as well as making the employees working environment habitable. Since its foundation, the companies have managed to manufacture different types of products and services in the commercial and military fields. On the other hand, Airbus founded on May 29, 1969, Jean Chamant and Karl Schiller deals with the manufacture of military airlifters and commercial jetliners. The company has its headquarters in Toulouse France and other places in Germany, Netherlands, and United Kingdom (Christian 2011). The company has sixteen sites in the four European countries. Airbus company major concern is the use of te chnology and innovation in the production of airlines that are environmental friendly and co-efficient in business enterprise (Christian 2011). â€Å"The company builds on its proven record for eco-awareness and innovation, along with the research of alternative energy source and a strong environmental management systems to outline and organize the company’s efforts† (Airbus Website).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Aviation Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With this objective in mind, the company has made great contributions to the aviation industry in its 40 years of operation. To measure its progress towards its goal, the company has developed a strategy that focuses on seven Ps- products, plants, profits, process, perception and procurement with each P having its measuring criteria (Christian 2011). The company like Boeing Company also uses its innovation in design, manufactur ing, operations and fleet support. In addition, the company offers support services such as engineering and maintenance, e-solutions, training, upgrades and Material, logistics and suppliers’ services (Christian 2011). Further, the company offers flight hour services through specialized solutions. The company has over 290 customer representatives situated around the 150 countries that the airline serves. On culture, the company thrives on the mix of ideas, knowledge and vision. The company enjoys a diversity of employees, expertise and special experience from over 80 countries represented by over 54,000 employees. The company emphasizes and encourages its employees to be innovative, creative and develop individual talents that would help in realization of the company’s heritage (Christian 2011). The company further believes in career growth that allows employees not only to move from one position to the other but also to relocate to other countries. The company takes p ride of the diversity of employee and the increased number of women employees who take responsibilities believed to be for men. In products and services, Airbus has managed to offer a wide range of products and support services to both commercial and military fields. With the background that includes the visions of the two companies, the paper seeks account for the difference in the visions, analyse the events of competition between the two companies, give an analysis of the current situation, and forecast the future trends of the two companies.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Visions and Strategies The two companies as observed in the introduction that gave the companies background have difference in visions. Boeing airline vision is â€Å"people working together as a global enterprise for aerospace leadership† while that of Airbus is the production of aerospace that are eco-efficient and environmentally friendly. The difference in the visions makes the two companies have disparities in their operation. Boeing visions aims at achieving the best from its operations by uniting the people working all over the world to have a leadership in the aerospace. Its objectives are to ensure that all the global aerospace employees work together to achieve the best in all fields. It further emphasises on its vision with its profound values that calls for it to be the excellent leader in all business aspects. This is set to ensure that the company leads as an example so that all the other business enterprises can follow its trends. Further, the vision leads the company to the production of quality airplanes, ensuring customer satisfaction, practice of the highest ethical standards and valuation of the team skills, strengths and perspectives. These values enhance the company’s growth as they help in ensuring that it has offered the right services to the customers. The company thus focuses on customer needs more than any other concern that helps to attract more customers. On the other hand, Airbus company vision is on ensuring that their airline productions are eco-efficient and environmental friendly. The major concern of this company is to ensure that they meet the business requirements by ensuring they manufacture airlines that are eco-efficient and give the business the advantage of realising great profit margins. In addition, the company focuses on the seven Ps in its manufacturing. The evaluation and measurement of these seven Ps help the company in evaluating its capabilities in meeting its objectives. This difference between t he visions may have helped Boeing in its success than Airbus. According to the analysis, it is evident that Boeing airline has more concern of the customer needs than Airbus Company. In any business enterprise, an enterprise that focuses more on the customers’ needs usually has a competitive advantage over its competitors (Mahoney 2005). Likewise, the success of Boeing airline would have been due to its greater concerns of the customers’ needs than in the case of Airbus Company. In the analysis of the strategies used by the two companies, Boeing point-to-point flight refers to means of flight where the travellers do not change their planes during their travels (Hill 2000). In addition, point-to-point flight may refer to a nonstop flight from place of origin to the destination. The connection of secondary towns by Boeing airline means that the passengers would take flights from their point of origin to their point of destination non-stop or else without change of planes . The hub-to-hub strategy used by Airbus Company involves the change of plane or routes to take the passengers to their destination (Mahoney 2005). The strategy is usually applicable in airports that do not have direct route connectivity. The passengers may change the plane, or even the route to their destination. The two strategies are very different as point-to-point strategy creates a direct connection between the place of origin and the destination while hub-to-hub uses airline hubs in connecting the place of origin, and the passenger intended destination. Point-to-point flight strategy allows connections to multiple destinations. This ensures that passengers travelling from one destination to the other use less time as they do not have to use a hub to connect to their destination (Hitt, Hoskisson Ireland 2009). The strategy saves time as compared to hub-to-hub strategy. The strategy is also cost effective as it reduces the cost of flight expenses due to reduced distances. The direct connection between the cities shortens the distance travelled. This makes the costs incurred in fuelling and other flight expenses to reduce and that consequently reduce the flight charges. The other advantage of the strategy is that it is reliable and efficient to the passengers as it gives them the assurance of reaching their destination without change of planes or travel companies (Hitt, Hoskisson Ireland 2009). The strategy also offers the passengers comfort during their travel. The shortening of the travel distances reduces the time spent on the flight that consequently reduces tiredness, which makes the passengers to be comfortable during their travel. Point-to-point strategy also helps in reducing congestion in the airports that act as airline hubs through the provision of opportunities by the strategy to bypass the hubs. This further makes the airline hubs to run effectively. Point-to-point services also give the passengers convenient schedule choices as they do not depend on the times allocated for the plane connection as in the hub-to-hub strategy. On the other hand, the method has a draw back in that it is less efficient especially between routes with few passengers (Hitt, Hoskisson Ireland 2009). This causes most of airlines to find it difficult in its application. Further, this causes the strategy to be only applicable to small and medium-sized airplanes. Hub-to-hub strategy has its pros where the method is efficient for the routes with few passengers. The airlines are able to connect and interchange the passengers, which makes the airlines using this strategy to have enough passengers for their trips (Mahoney 2005). The method is thus applicable for large airplanes. This ensures that airlines reduce the cost of flight expenses thus becoming more economical. However, the strategy has cons in that it is time consuming. The use of hubs makes the distance travelled by the planes longer as they have to stop at different destinations (Koontz Weihrich 2010). In addition, the change of planes and routes also consume a lot of time thus making the strategy inefficient. The strategy is tiresome due to long hour travels that make it unreliable. The strategy is also expensive as the costs incurred by the plane such as fuels cost are huge and affect the flight charges (Grant 2005). The strategy is also unreliable as the use of airline hubs may cause delays in case of an emergency or climatic changes at the hub point. This makes the passengers change their arrival times or even days depending on the impact of the effects. With the knowledge of the pros and cons of the two strategies it is easier to analyse them and find out what worked for Boeing that made it successful than Airbus. The use of point-to-point by Boeing Company exposed most of the customers or passengers to the advantages of using the method. The customers considered the efficiency of the strategy, reliability, cost and time consumption. The method being more effi cient, more reliable and less time consuming attracted most passengers. Similarly, passengers considered the comfort of the flights that made majority to choose Boeing rather than Airbus. This advantage gave Boeing Company a competitive advantage over Airbus Company. Analysis of Events since the Launch of Boeing 787 and Airbus A380 The launch of these models increased the competition between the two companies due to the intention of the two companies to prove their strengths. The main intention of Airbus realising Airbus A380 was to challenge the Boeing in the monopoly of manufacturing large-aircraft. Airbus intensified its move to ensure that it challenges Boeing in the large-aircraft market. The Airbus A380 a double-deck airliner with a capacity of over 500 passengers brought competition in the air market, as it could carry many passengers at once. In addition, the airliner, which is the largest in the world, could fly a distance of 15,400 kilometres that increased the competition as it could use the point-to-point strategy. The capacity of A380 supports the intention of Airbus to use hub-to-hub strategy, as it could not have accommodated the point-to-point strategy. In addition, the A380 airline only landed in large airports or otherwise the airports had to improve or modify their facilities in order to accommodate the airliner. This hit the Airbus operation in most of the minor airports thus less success in its strategy. On the other hand, the release of Boeing 787 that had a capacity of about 210 to 290 passengers increased competition. The aircraft was of moderate size that would allow the company to use its strategy. Similarly, the aircrafts had the ability to fly for long distances without stopping and this made it possible to adopt the strategy effectively. The use of these two models led to stiff competition in the air market with Boeing concentrating on both minor and major airports while Airbus only concentrated on major airports. The difference of airports and route concentration made Boeing to have a competitive advantage over its competitor as its plane model could be accommodated in many airports. The two companies also produced fuel-efficient airplanes that made both companies to be more competitive. After Airbus realisation of the challenges facing it in the market due to the large size of the A380 model, it introduced another model to A350 that was extremely small compared to A380. The new model had a capacity of 270-350 passengers that was mainly meant to compete with Boeing 787. To react to the introduction of Airbus A350, Boeing introduced Boeing 787-8 that had a capacity of 210-330 passengers depending on various classes. This further intensified the competition between the two companies. Airbus changed the strategy and started incorporating the point-to-point strategy by the use of A350. This has caused a great challenge to Boeing Company as the Airbus has both large economical airlines as well as medium sized air lines that can operate in both strategies. The situation has even become worse due to the shift in the sales in the air industries. In the recent years, Airbus has made a great come back due to the introduction of A350 model that is easier to accommodate in many airports. The events of the introduction of the models by the companies have been characterized by competition between two companies in their attempt to attract more customers. Similarly, the competition has led to improvement in the quality of the airlines manufactured, the use of technology and the comfort of the passengers during the flights. In addition, there are better flight charges as every company attempts to have the competitive advantage. The two companies have therefore competed as they try to prove their superiority and strengths over each other. Analysis of the Current Situation Market: Recently, the major competition in the aerospace industry is between Boeing and Airbus (Christian 2011). This is due to its ad vancement in the aerospace as a result of high level of technology and innovation. The two companies compete in both the manufacture of commercial and military aircrafts as well as in the production of support services to various aviation industries. In the recent years, Airbus has been more competitive in the market due to its stability attained through the expansion of its operation sites in most of the nations. In addition, the company market expansion is boosted by its operation in the best world and European economically developed countries. The economic stabilities in Germany, France, England and Netherlands make Airbus company to have an advantage in its operations. This has further helped in opening markets for the company products in the European Union. On the other hand, Boeing has been the leading company in the United States. The company enjoys most of its market from the American nations where the company is well established. Market size: currently, Airbus holds a half of the aerospace market due to its improvement in products that are both environmental and economically friendly to the users. Similarly, in its operation in the airline industry, the company has adopted a two-way strategy to ensure they take the full competitive advantage. The company applies both the point-to-point and hub-to-hub strategies that were made possible due to the introduction of Airbus A380 and A350. The company uses A380 in hub-to-hub strategy and Airbus A350 for point-to-point strategy. This has helped the company to dominate the market that led to its tremendous market growth. On the other hand, Boeing holds one third of the total aerospace market. The company’s use of one strategy has given Airbus Company the advantage to penetrate most of the markets. Boeing Company has been able to capture this market due to its high quality airplanes and efficient services that it offers. The company’s concern of meeting its customer needs has helped in ensuring th at the customers are loyal. SWOT analysis: the SWOT analysis gives an evaluation of companies in reference to their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (Aaker McLaughlin 2010). The strengths analysis evaluates what a company has managed to do better than its competitor and the achievements it has made in meetings its goals, objectives and vision. The weaknesses evaluate where the competitors are doing better and the challenges faced by the company (Grant 2005). In opportunities analysis, the company evaluates the unexploited business venture such as markets, technology and the trade rule that would control its business operations. The threats analysis evaluates the external factors that would affect the operations of the company (Aaker McLaughlin 2010). Boeing Company current strengths include its ability to hold to its vision as it has offered its leadership in the aerospace field. The high rise of Airbus Company is attributed much to the existence of Boeing Company through its stiff competition experienced between these companies that have led to its extensive growth. The company has also managed to use improved technology and innovation in the manufacture of high quality airplanes as its values dictate, which has helped the company to market its products. Boeing Company has managed to offer better prices to the customers compared to Airbus Company. This has made the company to improve its market size. On Airbus Company, the company has been able to utilise its employees to innovate and use high technology in the improvement of its airplanes. The company has also managed to respond effectively and with right decisions to the competition from Boeing Company, which has led to a vast and tremendous growth in its market (Hill 2000). Airbus has also managed to hold to its vision of the production of eco-efficient airplanes both in environment and economic. This together with the high quality of its airplanes has made the company’s market exp and more than for Boeing Company. It has also managed to invest in different countries in the world that has led to development of good relationship with the company that eventually has resulted into market expansion (Hill 2000). The two companies also have the strength of managing to have a diversity of employees from different countries thus increasing the level of their technology, innovation and creativity. In weaknesses, Boeing Company has not managed to counter competition from Airbus. After the introduction of Airbus A350, Boeing market growth has been stagnant while that of Airbus grows every day. Further, Boeing Company has been unable to handle the economic inflation in the United States, which has affected its operations in the last few years. The company has further been exposed to internal employee crisis with most of its expertise shifting from the company. Airbus on the other hand has a weakness in that its prices of the airlines are generally high as compared to Boei ng airplanes. This has given Boeing an advantage to do well in the market. On the opportunities, both companies have exposure to several opportunities. The two companies been in a position to overspecialize gives them high potential of business ventures. The two engage in manufacture of airplanes, and provision of support services. This gives the two companies the ability to expand their business activities globally. The expansion to other parts of the world is even possible due to globalization that reduces the cost incurred in trade (Grant 2005). In addition, globalization of labour put the companies in a better position as they can easily hire expertise from any part of the world (Hill 2000). The two companies also enjoy the economies of scale due to production in bulk (Hill 2000). According to the market trend, the companies have increased demand every year that makes them to have a chance to produce in large quantities. With the advanced technology, the two companies have oppor tunities for more ventures through maximum use of innovative means. The companies should concentrate on the advancement in technology to manufacture airlines that use other sources of energy other than fuel. On threats, the two companies expose each other due to their extensive competition. Similarly, the two companies being the major competitors challenge each other in terms of labour. Recently, Boeing Company has experienced expertise shift, with potential destination being Airbus Company. The companies have exposure to risks associated with economic inflation and has also been the case with Boeing Company. The rate of inflation causes the companies to incur high cost of production that lead to high product prices that consequently decrease the sales and profits. Product analysis: The two companies deal with different types of products. The companies believe in innovation that acts as a boost to their quest for new products. Competition has led to the introduction of more products in the market by the companies. The latest of the airplanes in the market are the Airbus A350 family and Boeing 787 family that are fuel economical and travel for long distances without stops. In addition, the companies have many support services in the airline and aerospace fields. Forecast of the Future Trend According to the trends experienced in the past between the two companies, the companies remain as the world largest aerospace manufacturer because there are no other major manufacturers to compete with. With the advancement of technology and the increase in the rate of innovation and creativity accompanied with the competition between the two companies, they stand at a point of transforming the aerospace and airline field. The companies’ focus on innovation will help them to manufacture more complicated airplanes that are user friendly thus reducing the challenges in the air travel sector. However, the companies have exposure to the economic changes in the globe that may affect their operations. Recommendations Competition between the two companies helps in the advancement of the aerospace and airline industry. The companies should focus on challenging each other in the manufacture as well as in the airline industry but ensure that they do not expose each other to risks. The two companies being the main competitors should not view each other as a threat but should work together through innovative programs and technology advancement researches that would help them to experience more growth in their field. This will consequently ensure that the customers have the quality products as well as ensure that the companies’ competition is healthy. The companies should also focus on making their training programs more extensive to the airline industry to help in the improvement of services and efficiency. Conclusion The competition between Boeing and Airline Companies has enabled them to grow in technology, innovation, creativity, market, sales an d profits. This has been generally caused by their reaction towards each other in the competition in order to take the competitive advantage. The struggle to outdo each other has benefited the customers of the two companies involved in the airline sector due to production of high quality and efficient commercial and military airlines. In addition, the competition has led to the adoption of different flight strategies that have eased the passengers travel as well as giving them the choices of the kind of flights to make. In nutshell, the competition between the companies has led to a transformation in the airline and aerospace industry, which will have great impact in the future of the industry. References Aaker, D McLaughlin, D 2010, Strategic market management: Global perspectives, John Wiley Sons, United Kingdom. Christian, U 2011, How the macroeconomic environment of the airline industry affects the strategic decision of Boeing Vs airbus: A case study, Grin Verlag, Norderstedt. Grant, R 2005, Contemporary strategy analysis fifth Eds, Blackwell Publishing, Malden. Hill, T 2000, Manufacturing strategy: Text and cases, (Third edition), Irwin McGraw-Hill, Boston. Hitt, M, Hoskisson, R Ireland, D 2009, Strategic management: Competitiveness and globalization cases (eighth edition), Cengage Learning, Mason. Koontz, H Weihrich, H 2010, Essentials of management: An international perspective, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. Mahoney, J 2005, Economic foundations of strategy, Sage Publication, Inc, London. Yenne, B 2005, The story of the Boeing Company, Zenith Press, Michigan. This research paper on Aviation Strategy was written and submitted by user Kyler Blevins to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay Sample on U.S. Economic Sanctions The Costs and Benefits

Essay Sample on U.S. Economic Sanctions The Costs and Benefits What are the Costs and Benefits of U.S. Economic Sanctions? Before moving on it’s important to start by defining the meaning of economic sanctions. The Concise Oxford Dictionary defines sanctions as penalties that are applied by one or a group of countries on another for various reasons. Sanctions come in the form of tariffs, import or export quotas, trade barriers and import duties. Economic sanctions rarely work. The US and some other UN countries Trade and investment sanctions against Burma, Iran, cuba, and North Korea have failed to change the behavior of any of those oppressive regimes; sanctions have only made the situation of the very people being helped worse.We should remember that for a country to impose sanctions on another there is always a good reason behind it – usually motivated by political, trade or security differences and concerns. The imposing country/ countries rarely listen or are ready to share the same viewpoint and perspectives as the accused. These hardened stances often lead to a protracted feud that can last years and decades. A good example of this is the US relationship with Cuba. The US has lost many opportunities of winning this Caribbean Island nation over to itself due to this long standing indifference perfected by successive regimes since the 1960s. Our informed opinion regarding the issue of economic sanctions is that the US should continue to use them. However, it should apply them with approval from the UN and other countries in order to give it validity. A careful assessment of cost benefit analysis of imposing economic sanctions needs to be done to see which measures the US can take.The US should consider adopting strategies that only exert pressure on the ruling elite and avoid punishing the citizens of the country being investigated. Again, when a country imposes sanctions on another, it indirectly punishes itself as well. This is because it cannot transact any business with the said country until the misunderstanding is sorted out. Constructive engagement approach would do the trick as it allows both countries to be courteous with each other thus allowing other things to continue with some normalcy. This is where a country tries to correct an erring country though constructive dialogue rather than issue orders and ultima tums. If you need a custom essay, research paper, term paper, thesis, dissertation on Economics, Business, Management or other discipline feel free to contact our professional custom writing service.

World Music ethnography proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

World Music ethnography proposal - Essay Example Fabio Bidini, Piano. 2005) Conductor Ignat Solzhenitsyn: Son of the celebrated Nobel Prize winner, Alexander Solzhenitsyn Ignat is to classical music what his father was to writing. He is now acknowledged to have a fully accomplished career, both as a conductor and as a piano artiste. His musical and heart rending compositions have won him international recognition and appreciation. (Ignat Solzhenitsyn: Conductor. Biography) This marvelous orchestra comprising of local Curtis graduates such as Music Director, Ignat Solzhenitsyn, and artistes from New York, conducts music concerts at the Perelman Theater housed within the Kimmel Center. (Philadelphia Nightlife. The Chamber Orchestra of Philadelphia) Philadelphia Nightlife. The Chamber Orchestra of Philadelphia. The New York Times. Accessed on 15 October 2007 from http://travel.nytimes.com/travel/guides/north-america/united-states/pennsylvania/philadelphia/attraction-detail.htmlvid=1154654657014

Climate change - a global problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Climate change - a global problem - Essay Example The research will aim to provide intensive information regarding Building Design and Construction as against climate change. Scientists are predicting future environment and weather extremities and it is highly important to be prepared for potential changes. With future Sea level rise, flooding might be precipitated and if so, there is a need for protection. All EU Countries have ratified the Kyoto Protocol and agreed that they are responsible for 14% of World emissions and that the reduction of same is an EU responsibility. Ambitious new targets should be set to conserve all possible energy, working through adaptation. Homes and offices have to alter their design, construction and usage of material according to these highly relevant issues. There is an element of truth in saying that the buildings of medieval days were highly suitable for the climatic conditions prevailing in a particular region, because they had evolved over centuries with common sense and practicality and were the most suitable to that region. With climate change, any region's climate is not conventional any more and buildings have to be designed and built according to changing needs. Hence, this is a significant research area which would be very useful for future of buildings renovation and creation included. RESEARCH QUESTION AND HYPOTHESIS: A lot of uncertainty exists in this field as the climate changes are uncertain and unpredictable. The question of future buildings is based upon the research conducted in this area regarding future building designs, materials and methods of construction. I would like to concentrate on the design, raw material and construction of a 'Green Building' according to norms dictated by existing research information in all three fields. I will find ways and means of applying research into practice and look for as much information as possible, already available in scientific sectors of various countries, in an effort to combine it and make it suitable for practical use. As future weather conditions are not region-particular, but unpredictably universal, information from all quarters, economic, material industry, energy, solar studies, geography, climate surveys, history, archaeology, architecture, sociology, culture and heritage included, become necessary and relevant. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: Research will be done on material available from studies, research work, papers, journals, books, electronic media, mass communication, architectural reports and surveys, material production company reports and in-house research centre reports etc. Study has to be extended to Government policies, guidelines, Council regulations, norms and rigidities of City building creation that might provide hindrance and limitations for 'Green Buildings'. This will extend to practical matters like roof tile testing for their durability and power of withstanding elements, their overlap, pitch or slope, measurements and how they suit to the best possible weather

Physical Environment Of South And East Asia Essay

Physical Environment Of South And East Asia - Essay Example The islands have not be left behind as they also boast of rivers such as the Borneo and the Indonesian rivers. Extensive lowland is also another feature that is evident in the region and is separated by the mountain ranges and the forested hills. As a resulted of the physical conditions in the region, the people are taking part in rice planting on the fertile plains. This is seen in places such as Burma and Vietnam. Long coastlines have formed an important physical aspect of the region that promotes trade among the people and movement from one region to another. Another evident physical feature in the region is the presence of the seas that are marked by shallow ends and few deep underground trenches. As a result, they are warm throughout the year and are not saline. These conditions are favorable for the growth and prevalence of sea fish, coral, and seaweeds. The region’s landscape is dominated by mountains whose peaks are below ten thousand feet. The mountains form a very in tegral part of the region as they seem to create political and geographical boundaries. Indian and China are separated by the Northern and Western highlands thus forming a major factor that separates the two regions. Cordilleras in the region are three and seem to run north to south. The cordilleras include a Bilauktaung range that lies between Thailand and Myanmar, the Arakan Yoma range that is located in western part of Myanmar and the Annam Cordillera that marks the boundary between Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.

My First Political Impression Politics Essay

My First Political Impression Politics Essay In our country all citizens from children to seniors in some way are involved in the political events.  Every day we watch the news about political developments, we learn about them from television, radio, at work and schools. But every person is involved in political life in different ways.  First of all, it dependents on the specific political situation, the spiritual climate in society, as well as on the state of political system, and the person himself. Interest in politics among youth is different in different countries, but it is understandable that in general most citizens have neither the means nor the opportunity for serious involvement in politics. What affects our participation in the political life of the country?   First of all the Political Socialization agents who are those that influence us throughout our lifetime,: family, school, media, religious and community organizations. lets take a closer look at how Political Socialization agents influence political activity. Family. Politically active parents have more interested in politics and children who are also showing more confidence in political institutions.  Political socialization by parents is the most effective in relation to political attitudes and ideological orientation of young people.   Influence of school.  The more active young people at school, the more active they are outside school, and after graduation.  Structures of possible political participation in schools reinforce youth interest in politics, and also peers most strongly influence the political behavior of young people. The influence of mass media.  There is a link between the choice of certain media and political activity of youth.  Those young people who read newspapers or use the Internet, are engaged in a wide range of political activities and are more active. Passive media perception, like television and radio, leads to a lower level of political participation.  Ã‚  The older people are, the more closely they follow the policy through the mass media. Some people are actively involved in the activities of political parties, political movements, interest groups and so on.  Others are characterized by alienation and indifference to the public sphere. The primary and, as experience shows, the best form of political participation for the majority of the population are elections to representative bodies. So my most bright political impression was presidential election process in the year 2008, though it was the most significant political event of the last years. Americans are more likely to vote of any other nation in the world.  Since the age of 18 they are entitled to elect a president, senators, congressmen, members of state legislatures, governors, mayors, judges, sheriffs, and so on. So the president election in the year 2008 was the main event in the life of the country,that nobody was indifferent to. The year 2008 was special in n the electoral history of the United States.  For the first time in state history a president could become a man or a woman, for the first time in 80 years candidates for this position were neither an incumbent president nor vice president.  And the November 2008 election was both parliamentary and presidential. The main candidate for the U.S. presidency in 2008 from the Democratic Party was the senator from Illinois, an African-American Barack Obama, and from the Republican Party was the senator from Arizona John McCain. These candidates caused a lot of discussions, arguing and political battles. As for me, of course I wasnt indifferent to the political situation in the country. I think that president election is an event that is important for every citizen of the USA, because people choose not only the president, but they choose the future of their country. I watched the political process in the country.  I watched the meetings of voters with the candidates, debates and battles on TV and in the press.  I studied the electoral programs of candidates, in order to know what future they promised to the United States.  People voted by assessing the future changes in their lives and in the development of country.   And what was happening caused the frustration and insecurity among people, as people felt the beginning of the political crisis in the country, and some even had lost confidence in government. One of the fundamental aspects of all social life in the USA is the confrontation and cooperation of the two leading parties of the country: the Democratic and the Republican.  Much of the policy is determined by how the people, the voters consider each of them and what place people take themselves in this two-party system. It was also interesting to know the sociological study of the opinions of voters. Among the factors constraining the decision to vote in 2008, were the age of McCain and Obamas race. I was surprised by that facts, as many voters were against the President being black. According to statistics, 8% of voters believed that Obamas affiliation to African Americans, reduce the effectiveness of his work as head of state.  Although the sociological study of the opinions of voters showed that the country was ready for a black president. Those Americans, for whom religion an important part of their lives, were more likely to vote for McCain than for Obama (50% vs. 40%).  Among the less religious people, for a Democratic candidate were willing to vote 55%, for the Republican 36% of Americans. So, president election is a very important political event in the country, as and also it is important for all people, being involved in the process. When person vote for a certain candidate, he chooses the future of the country, so in some way he influences his life too. So nobody should stay indifferent, and should take active position in this political event in the life of the country. Fair and free elections is the guarantee of the democracy.   While voting for their representatives, people elect the leaders, from which depends the future of the country.   That is why elections confer greater powers of ordinary citizens: the vote makes it possible to have an impact on future government policy, and thus on their future.

Allergies and Allergic Reactions Essay -- Food Allergies

Healthy humans have two types of immune systems that protect the body from invading pathogens that cause diseases. The Innate Immunity is the first barrier of protection. It is similar to a force field. Its primary purpose is to destroy any pathogen that tries to enter the epidermis cells (the skin cells) and the mucosa (mucus secreting cells found in the GI tract, respiratory tract, urogenital tract and eyes. If the first defense does not work, the adaptive immunity steps in to eradicate the invading microbe. Yet, sometimes the body reacts to harmless agents as if they were pathogens. Every day, more adults develop allergies to things in their environment. Exposure to such things as pollen, grass, mold and pet dander1 can lead to mild or harmful reactions. Other allergens can cause tingling in the throat and mouth, and in many cases severe reaction that lead to death. 2 In the last couple of decades, 75 to 100 percent of asthma and 150 percent atopy have reported.4 17.7 million adul ts and 7.1 million were diagnosed with allergies and hay fever.5 There are no known reasons why people developed hypersensitivity to certain agents, yet, many adults are developing allergies later in life. Statistically, children are the ones who develop allergies the most. About 3.9 percent of children have allergies, whereas 2% of adults have it. 6 Then, why are adults becoming more and more susceptible to this affliction? One possible reason is foods and every day household products are making people sick. Could it be that constant exposure to known hypoallergenic agents are causing allergic reactions to develop in adults who have never displayed any allergic reactions in their lifetime? To understand why the sudden affliction of allergies is occu... ...alian adults: A multi-centre study. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2009;150(3):271-7. 4 . Isolauri E, Huurre A, Salminen S, Impivaara O. The allergy epidemic extends beyond the past few decades. Clin Exp Allergy. 2004 07;34(7):1007-10. 5. CDC [Internet]. Allergies and Hay Fever. Atlanta, Georgia: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/allergies.htm [Date accessed 2011, November 18] 6. CDC [Internet]. "Food Allergies - DASH/HealthyYouth." Atlanta, Georgia: : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.. 26 Apr. 2011. http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/foodallergies [Date accessed 2011, November 18] 7. Laurià ¨re M, Pecquet C, Bouchez-Mahiout I, Snà ©garoff J, Bayrou O, Raison-Peyron N, et al. Hydrolysed wheat proteins present in cosmetics can induce immediate hypersensitivities. Contact Dermatitis. 2006 05;54(5):283-9.